French Polynesia: Geography, Governance, and Society

Territorial Overview

French Polynesia is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic (collectivité d'outre-mer) situated in the South Pacific Ocean. It comprises 118 geographically dispersed islands and atolls, many of which are volcanic or coral in origin.

Administrative Structure

As an overseas collectivity, French Polynesia possesses a significant degree of autonomy but remains under French sovereignty. Its relationship with France is governed by the French Constitution. The population elects a local assembly and government, which handle many internal affairs.

Island Groups

• Society Islands: The most populous group, including Tahiti (the largest island), Moorea, and Huahine. These are high, volcanic islands.
• Tuamotu Archipelago: A vast chain of low-lying coral atolls, known for their pearl farms.
• Gambier Islands: Located at the southeastern end of French Polynesia, these islands are volcanic and include Mangareva, the largest island in the group.
• Marquesas Islands: A group of rugged, volcanic islands known for their distinctive culture and artistic traditions.
• Austral Islands: The southernmost group, consisting of both high volcanic islands and low coral islands.

Political Status

French Polynesia is represented in the French National Assembly and Senate. Residents are French citizens and vote in French elections. The President of French Polynesia is the head of the local government.

Economic Activities

Tourism is a primary economic driver, particularly in the Society Islands. Other important sectors include black pearl cultivation, agriculture (copra, vanilla, fruits), and fishing.

Cultural Heritage

The Polynesian culture is deeply ingrained in the identity of the territory, evident in traditional dances, music, crafts, and navigation techniques. French influence is also prominent, resulting in a blend of Polynesian and European traditions.