Ice Track Sledding Sport

Description and History

This winter sport involves teams making timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sled. Developed in the late 19th century in St. Moritz, Switzerland, it evolved from delivery boys attaching steering mechanisms to toboggans. Organized competitions began in the early 20th century, leading to the standardization of sled designs and track construction.

Sled Mechanics

The sled consists of a steel frame, a steering mechanism, and a body designed for aerodynamic efficiency. Weights are added to achieve the maximum allowable weight. The front steering axle is controlled by ropes or cables. The rear axle allows for some degree of flexibility to navigate curves. Braking systems are typically used at the end of the run.

Track Characteristics

Dedicated facilities feature a concrete structure covered in ice, with banked curves (bankings or kreisel). Tracks vary in length and complexity, typically including straight sections, hairpin turns, and S curves. The icy surface is meticulously maintained to ensure consistent conditions for competition. Artificial refrigeration systems are employed in many locations.

Competition Formats

Races typically involve multiple runs down the track, with the cumulative time determining the winner. Standard competitive events include two-person and four-person formats for both men and women. Teamwork, precise steering, and optimal body positioning are crucial for success.

Governing Body

The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF) governs the sport internationally. The IBSF sets rules and regulations for competition, manages the World Cup series, and oversees championships, including those at the Winter Olympic Games.