Expression and Communication

This entry explores the concepts and processes involved in human expression and communication. It encompasses a broad range of modalities, from verbal language to nonverbal cues, and considers the psychological, social, and cultural contexts that shape how individuals convey their thoughts, feelings, and intentions.

Verbal Communication

Language Structure

Examination of the underlying structure of language, including phonology (sound system), morphology (word formation), syntax (sentence structure), semantics (meaning), and pragmatics (language use in context).

Discourse Analysis

Study of spoken and written texts to understand how meaning is created and negotiated in interaction. This includes analyzing conversational turns, rhetorical devices, and narrative structures.

Nonverbal Communication

Body Language

Analysis of body posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact as conveyors of meaning. Consideration of cultural variations in nonverbal cues.

Paralanguage

Exploration of vocal cues such as tone, pitch, volume, and speech rate, and how they contribute to the overall message. Includes analysis of pauses, fillers, and other non-linguistic vocalizations.

Theories of Communication

Information Theory

A mathematical approach to communication that focuses on the transmission of signals from a sender to a receiver, emphasizing concepts like entropy and redundancy.

Social Penetration Theory

A theory that describes how interpersonal relationships develop through gradual self-disclosure and reciprocal vulnerability.

Communication Accommodation Theory

A theory that explains how individuals adjust their communication style to converge with or diverge from others during interaction.

Psychological Aspects of Expression

Emotion Expression

Discussion of the innate and learned aspects of emotional expression, including the role of facial expressions, body language, and vocal cues in conveying emotions. Consideration of cultural display rules.

Self-Disclosure

Exploration of the process of revealing personal information to others, including its motivations, risks, and benefits.

Social and Cultural Influences

Cultural Communication Norms

Analysis of how cultural values and beliefs shape communication styles and expectations. Examination of differences in directness, politeness, and emotional expression across cultures.

Communication and Identity

Exploration of how communication contributes to the construction and maintenance of individual and social identities. Consideration of the role of language in shaping group membership and social status.