Lumbar Region Musculoskeletal Function and Restriction

Anatomy of the Lower Spine

Overview of the lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), intervertebral discs, spinal nerves, and surrounding musculature, including the erector spinae, multifidus, quadratus lumborum, and abdominal muscles. Description of the ligaments supporting the lumbar spine, such as the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, and interspinous ligaments.

Common Sources of Musculoskeletal Impediment

• Muscle Strain: Microscopic tears in muscle fibers due to overuse, sudden movements, or improper lifting techniques.
• Ligament Sprain: Stretching or tearing of ligaments resulting from sudden force or awkward movements.
• Intervertebral Disc Issues: Degeneration, bulging, or herniation of intervertebral discs, potentially compressing nerve roots.
• Facet Joint Dysfunction: Inflammation or restriction of movement in the facet joints, which connect the vertebrae.
• Sacroiliac (SI) Joint Dysfunction: Misalignment or inflammation of the SI joint, which connects the sacrum to the pelvis.
• Spinal Stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress the spinal cord and nerve roots.
• Spondylolisthesis: Anterior slippage of one vertebra over another.

Inflammatory Conditions

Discussion of inflammatory processes affecting the lumbar region, including arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and other spondyloarthropathies. Explanation of how inflammation can contribute to pain and restricted movement.

Postural Factors and Biomechanics

Impact of posture, repetitive movements, and ergonomic factors on lower spine health. Consideration of how poor posture, prolonged sitting, and improper lifting techniques can contribute to musculoskeletal imbalances.

Underlying Medical Conditions

Description of conditions such as fibromyalgia and spinal infections that may lead to discomfort and limited range of motion in the lower back. Consideration of referred pain from other areas, such as the hip or abdomen.

Contributing Lifestyle Factors

The role of physical inactivity, obesity, smoking, and stress in the development and exacerbation of lumbar musculoskeletal complaints. Exploration of how these factors can affect muscle strength, flexibility, and overall spine health.